Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I (26 July 1678 – 17 April 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans[2][2] was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg, who was the daughter of Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine.
Born in Vienna, he was educated strictly by Prince Dietrich Otto von Salm and became a good linguist. In 1687, he received the crown of Hungary and became King of the Romans on 6 January 1690.
Emperor
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, in imperial regalia
In 1702, at the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, he saw his only military service. He joined the Imperial General, Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, in the siege of Landau.
He succeeded his father as emperor in 1705. It was his good fortune to govern the Austrian dominions and to be head of the Empire, during the years in which his trusted general, Prince Eugene of Savoy, either acting alone in Italy or with the Duke of Marlborough in Germany and Flanders, was beating the armies of Louis XIV of France. During the whole of his reign, Hungary was disturbed by the conflict with Francis Rákóczi II, who eventually took refuge in the Ottoman Empire. The emperor reversed many of the authoritative measures of his father, thus helping to placate opponents. He began the attempts to settle the question of the Austrian inheritance by a pragmatic sanction, which was continued by his brother Charles VI. Joseph died in Vienna from smallpox.
Marriage and children
In 1699, he married Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg, daughter of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. They had three children:
- Maria Josepha of Austria (8 December 1699 – 17 November 1757); she married August III ("the Saxon")
- Archduke Leopold Joseph of Austria (29 October 1700 – 4 August 1701)
- Maria Amalia of Austria (22 October 1701 – 11 December 1756); she married Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Ancestors
| Ancestors of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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16. Charles II of Austria |
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8. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor |
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17. Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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4. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor |
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18. William V, Duke of Bavaria |
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9. Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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19. Renata of Lorraine |
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2. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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20. Philip II of Spain |
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10. Philip III of Spain |
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21. Anna of Austria |
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5. Maria Anna of Spain |
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22. Charles II of Austria (= 16) |
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11. Margaret of Austria |
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23. Maria Anna of Bavaria (= 17) |
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1. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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24. Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg |
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12. Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg |
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25. Anna of Jülich-Cleves-Berg |
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6. Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine |
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26. William V, Duke of Bavaria (= 18) |
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13. Magdalene of Bavaria |
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27. Renata of Lorraine (= 19) |
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3. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg |
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28. Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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14. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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29. Magdalene of Brandenburg |
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7. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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30. John George I, Elector of Saxony |
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15. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony |
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31. Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia |
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House of Habsburg |
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Ferdinand II |
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Spouse(s)
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Maria Anna of Bavaria • Eleonor Gonzaga
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Children
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Archduchess Christine • Archduke Charles • Archduke John Charles • Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor • Archduchess Maria Anna • Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland • Archduke Leopold Wilhelm
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Armorial of the Holy Roman Empire |
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Ferdinand III |
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Spouse(s)
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Infanta Maria Anna of Spain • Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria • Eleanor Gonzaga
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Children
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Ferdinand IV of Hungary • Mariana, Queen of Spain • Archduke Philip August • Archduke Maximilian Thomas • Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor • Archduke Charles Joseph • Archduchess Theresia Maria Josefa • Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland; Duchess of Lorraine • Maria Anna Josepha, Electress Palatine • Archduke Ferdinand Josef
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Leopold I |
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Spouse(s)
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Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain • Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria • Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate
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Children
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Archduke Ferdinand Wenze • Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria • Archduke Johann Leopold • Archduchess aria Anna Antonia • Archduchess Anna Maria Sophia • Archduchess Maria Josepha • Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor • Archduchess Christina • Archduchess Maria Elisabeth • Archduke Leopold Joseph • Maria Anna, Queen of Portugl • Archduchess Maria Theresia • Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor • Achduchess Maria Josepha • Archduchess Maria Magdalena • Archduchess Maria Margaretha
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Joseph I |
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Spouse(s)
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Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
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Children
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Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony • Archduke Leopold Joseph • Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
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Charles VI |
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Spouse(s)
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HH Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
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Children
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Archduke Leopold Johann • Maria Theresa of Austria • Archduchess Maria Anna, Princess Charles Alexander of Lorraine • Archduchess Maria Amalia
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grandhildren
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Archduchess Maria Elisabeth • Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies • Archduchess Maria Karolina • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor • Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen • Archduchess Maria Elisabeth • Archduke Charles Joseph • Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma • Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor • Archduchess Maria Carolina Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela • Archduchess Maria Josepha • Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily • Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria-Este • Maria Antoinia, Queen of France • Archduke Maximilian Franz
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Titles
Joseph I, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Wurtemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines, etc. etc.
See also
- Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.
References
Sources
- F. Krones von Marchiand, Grundriss der Oesterreichischen Geschichte (1882)
- F. Wagner, Historia Josephi Caesaris (1746)
- J.C. Herchenhahn, Geschichte der Regierung Kaiser Josephs I (1786—1789)
- C. van Noorden, Europäische Geschichte im achtzehnten Jahrhundert (1870—1882).
External links
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Austrian archdukes |
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| 1st Generation |
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| 2nd Generation |
Archduke Cristopher · Maximilian I · Archduke John · Archduke Wolfgang
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| 3rd Generation |
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| 4th Generation |
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| 5th Generation |
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| 6th Generation |
Charles, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand · Rudolf V · Archduke Ernest · Matthias · Maximilian III · Albert VII · Archduke Wenzel · Archduke Frederick · Archduke Charles · Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand · Archduke Carlos Lorenzo* · Diego, Prince of Asturias* · Philip III of Spain* · Ferdinand III · Archduke Charles · Archduke Maximilian Ernest · Leopold V · Archduke Charles
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| 7th Generation |
Archduke Charles · Philip IV of Spain* · Archduke Philipp · Archduke John-Charles · Archduke Albert · Archduke Charles* · Ferdinand IV · Archduke Ferdinand* · Archduke Alfonso Mauricio · Leopold Wilhelm · Ferdinand Charles · Sigismund Francis
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| 8th Generation |
Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias* · Ferdinand IV of Hungary · Archduke Francisco Fernando* · Archduke Philip August · Archduke Maximilian Thomas · Leopold VI · Archduke Charles Joseph · Archduke Ferdinand Joseph Alois · Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand Thomas* · Charles II of Spain*
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| 9th Generation |
Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel · Archduke John Leopold · Joseph I · Archduke Leopold Joseph · Charles III
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| 10th Generation |
Archduke Leopold Joseph · Archduke Leopold John
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| 11th Generation |
Joseph II** · Archduke Charles Louis** · Leopold VII** · Archduke Ferdinand** · Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne**
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| 12th Generation |
Emperor Francis I** · Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Charles, Duke of Teschen** · Alexander Leopold, Palatine of Hungary** · Joseph, Palatine of Hungary** · Archduke Anton Victor** · Archduke John** · Archduke Rainier Joseph** · Archduke Louis** · Cardinal-Archduke Rudolf** · Archduke Josef Franz*** · Francis IV, Duke of Modena*** · Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph*** · Archduke Maximilian*** · Karl, Primate of Hungary***
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| 13th Generation |
Emperor Ferdinand I · Francis Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany** · Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Archduke Joseph Franz · Archduke Franz Karl · Archduke Johann Nepomuk · Albert, Duke of Teschen · Stephen, Palatine of Hungary · Archduke Karl Ferdinand · Francis V, Duke of Modena*** · Archduke Frederick Ferdinand · Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor*** · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Leopold Ludwig · Archduke Ernest Karl · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Sigismund Leopold · Archduke Rainer Ferdinand · Archduke Wilhelm Franz · Archduke Heinrich Anton · Archduke Maximilian Karl · Archduke Joseph Karl
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| 14th Generation |
Emperor Franz Joseph I · Maximilian I of Mexico · Archduke Charles Louis · Archduke Ludwig Viktor · Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Rainier** · Archduke Ludwig Salvator** · Archduke John Salvator** · Archduke Karl · Archduke Franz Joseph · Friedrich, Duke of Teschen · Archduke Charles Stephen · Archduke Eugen · Archduke Joseph August · Archduke Ladislaus
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| 15th Generation |
Crown Prince Rudolf · Archduke Franz Ferdinand*** · Archduke Otto Francis · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Leopold Ferdinand** · Archduke Joseph Ferdinand** · Archduke Peter Ferdinand** · Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand** · Archduke Robert Ferdinand** · Archduke Leopold Salvator** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Albrecht Salvator** · Archduke Rainier Salvator** · Archduke Ferdinand Salvator** · Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen · Archduke Karl Albrecht · Archduke Leo Karl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Joseph Francis · Archduke Ladislaus Joseph · Archduke Matthias
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| 16th Generation |
Emperor Charles I · Archduke Maximilian Eugen · Archduke Gottfried** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Rainier** · Archduke Leopold Maria** · Archduke Anton** · Archduke Franz Joseph** · Archduke Karl Pius** · Archduke Franz Karl** · Archduke Hubert Salvator** · Archduke Theodor Salvator** · Archduke Clemens Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Arpád · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Géza · Archduke Michael Koloman
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| 17th Generation |
Crown Prince Otto · Archduke Robert*** · Archduke Felix · Archduke Carl Ludwig · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Heinrich Maria · Archduke Leopold Franz** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Radbot** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Stephan** · Archduke Dominic** · Archduke Friederich Salvator** · Archduke Andreas Salvator** · Archduke Markus** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Michael** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Karl · Archduke Andreas Agustinus · Archduke Nicholas Franz · Archduke Johann Jacob · Archduke Edward Karl · Archduke Paul Rudolf
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| 18th Generation |
Archduke Karl · Archduke Georg · Archduke Lorenz*** · Archduke Gerhard*** · Archduke Martin*** · Archduke Karl Philipp · Archduke Raimund Joseph · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Karl Peter · Archduke Simeon · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Maximilian Heinrich · Archduke Philipp Joachim · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Konrad · Archduke Sigismund** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Alexander Salvator** · Archduke Thaddäus Salvator** · Archduke Casimir Salvator** · Archduke Matthias** · Archduke Johannes** · Archduke Bernhard** · Archduke Benedikt · Archduke Joseph Albrecht · Archduke Paul Leo · Archduke Friedrich Cyprian · Archduke Benedikt Alexander · Archduke Nicolás · Archduke Santiago · Archduke Paul Benedikt
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| 19th Generation |
Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir · Archduke Karl Konstantin · Archduke Amedeo*** · Archduke Joachim*** · Archduke Bartholomaeus*** · Archduke Emmanuel*** · Archduke Felix Carl · Archduke Andreas Franz · Archduke Paul Johannes · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Thomas · Archduke Franz Ludwig · Archduke Michael · Archduke Joseph · Archduke Imre · Archduke Imre · Archduke Christoph · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Lorenz Carl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Ludwig · Archduke Philipp · Archduke Nicholas · Archduke Constantin · Archduke Jacob Maximilian · Archduke Leopold Amedeo** · Archduke Maximilian** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Constantin Salvator** · Archduke Paul Salvator**
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*also an infante of Spain
**also a prince of Tuscany
***also a prince of Modena |
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Book:Holy Roman Emperors
Category:Holy Roman Emperors
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.